What Is The Femoral Region
Regions of the lower limb
Similar to the rest of the man body, the lower limb is divided into smaller regions that assist physicians describe, diagnose and care for pathologic conditions of the lower limb. The lower limb has an inductive and posterior surface. Each surface consists of a several regions that accept their own anatomical boundaries and contents which include muscles, bones and neurovascular structures of the lower limb.
The regions of the lower limb are ordinarily named on the ground of major bones or joints of the corresponding region. The main regions include the gluteal, hip, femora l , knee, leg, talocrural and pes regions. According to some authors, the hip region may be viewed equally a subregion of the gluteal region and therefore may non be classified equally a separate region of the lower limb.
This article will describe the anatomy and contents of the regions of the lower limb.
| Definition | The lower limb is divided into singled-out regions in social club to help physicians describe, diagnose and treat pathologic conditions of the lower limb |
| Gluteal region | Boundaries: Superior: Iliac crest Inferior: Gluteal sulcus Landmarks: Gluteal sulcus, intergluteal cleft Primary contents: Bony pelvis and ligaments, gluteal muscles, sciatic nervus |
| Hip region | Boundaries: Anterior: Anterior superior iliac spine Posterior: Posterior margin of greater trochanter Primary contents: Hip joint |
| Femoral region | Boundaries: Anterosuperior: Inguinal ligament Posterosuperior: Gluteal sulcus Inferior: Superior border of knee region Subregion: Femoral triangle Master contents: Femur, quadriceps femoris muscles, adductor muscle grouping, ischiocrural muscles, femoral triangle (femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymphatics), sciatic nerve |
| Knee joint region | Boundaries: Superior: Distal stop of femoral region Inferior: Proximal end of leg Subregion: Popliteal fossa Main contents: Human knee joint, popliteal fossa (popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, mutual fibular nerve) |
| Leg region | Boundaries: Superior: Distal terminate of knee region Junior: Proximal terminate of talocrural region Main contents: Tibia, fibula, anterior, posterior and lateral muscles of the leg, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, mutual fibular nerve, deep fibular nerve, superficial fibular nerve |
| Talocrural region | Boundaries: Superior: Distal end of leg region Inferior: Proximal cease of pes region Subregions: Medial and lateral retromalleolar regions Master contents: Medial and lateral malleoli |
| Human foot region | Boundaries: Superior: Distal cease of talocrural region Subregions: Tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges Main contents: Tarsal bones (x7), metatarsal bones (x5), phalanges (x14), lateral, medial and central muscles of pes |
Contents
- Gluteal region
- Contents
- Femoral region
- Contents
- Knee region
- Contents
- Leg region
- Contents
- Talocrural region
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- Foot region
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- Sources
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Gluteal region
The gluteal region is the most proximally located region on the posterior surface of the lower limb. It marks the large transition zone between the posterior trunk and lower limb. Specifically, the gluteal region is the prominence situated posterior to the pelvis which extends from the iliac crest superiorly to the gluteal sulcus (fold of the buttock) inferiorly and as far as the posterior margin of the greater trochanter of the femur laterally. Some beefcake textbooks place the hip region every bit a component of the gluteal region. However, frequently these two regions are distinguished separately. Whatever the classification may be, the hip region is e'er located lateral to the gluteal region and contains the hip joint and surrounding ligaments.
The gluteal muscles (gluteus maximus, medius and minimus likewise as the tensor fascia latae musculus) form the bulk of the gluteal region. Separating the buttocks from each other is a groove known as the intergluteal cleft (natal crack).
Contents
The gluteal region is composed of the bony pelvis, muscles, ligaments and associated neurovasculature.
Muscles of the gluteal region can be organized into superficial and deep layers. Superficial muscles of the gluteal region consist of the 3 large overlapping gluteus maximus, medius and minimus muscles and the tensor fasciae latae muscle.
Deep muscles of the gluteal region consist of a series of smaller muscles (piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, and quadratus femoris) which lie below the inferior half of the gluteus maximus musculus.
Stabilizing the bony pelvis are a number of ligaments which lie inside the gluteal region. The three main ligaments of the gluteal region include the posterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments which aid in stabilizing the hip bones, sacrum and coccyx.
One of the main neurovascular structures of this expanse is the large sciatic nerve, which exits the pelvic region to enter the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen
Femoral region
The femoral or thigh region is the region of the lower limb located between the hip and human knee joints. The superior border of the femoral region is represented by the imaginary line that traverses the inguinal ligament anteriorly and quadratus femoris musculus and gluteal fold posteriorly. This line demarcates the femoral region from the abdominal wall and gluteal region.
Contents
The thigh houses the largest os of the man body, the femur. Surrounding the femur are the big muscles of the thigh which are grouped past fasciae and intermuscular septa into 3 compartments: the inductive, posterior and medial compartments of the thigh. The muscles of the femoral region include the quadriceps femoris muscle anteriorly, the adductor muscle group medially and the hamstring muscles posteriorly.
Inside the anterior thigh region, at that place is a small triangular sub-region known as the femoral triangle, also known as the femoral trigone. The femoral triangle is located on the anteromedial aspect of the thigh and is bordered past the inguinal ligament superiorly, the sartorius muscle laterally, and the adductor longus muscle medially. Contents of the femoral triangle, from lateral to medial include the femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and the femoral fifty ymph nodes , which are more than commonly known as the inguinal lymph nodes.
Posteriorly, the sciatic nerve continues from the gluteal region to enter the posterior thigh.
Knee region
The knee region (genual region) encompasses the knee. This region begins superiorly at the distal end of the femoral region and extends inferiorly to the proximal border of the leg. Information technology has both an anterior and posterior surface.
Contents
The knee region is mainly composed of the genu joint which is formed by the articulations between the distal femur, proximal tibia and patella. While the fibula does not take part in the germination of the genu joint, the head of the fibula is included every bit a component of the knee region.
The posterior surface of the knee region is marked past a diamond shaped fossa known equally the popliteal fossa, which is also known as the popliteal region. The popliteal fossa is a fatty filled infinite bounded superiorly by the tendons of the hamstring muscles and inferiorly by the tendons of the gastrocnemius muscle. The popliteal region houses the popliteal avenue and vein as well as the ii chief nerves of the leg: the tibial and common fibular nerves.
Leg region
The leg is the part of the lower limb located between the knee and ankle joint.
Contents
The bony framework of the leg consists of the tibia medially and the fibula laterally. Muscles of the leg are divided into anterior, posterior and lateral groups. Muscles of the posterior group (gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus) mainly plantarflex and invert the foot and flex the toes, while muscles of the anterior group (tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius) collectively dorsiflex and capsize the foot at the ankle articulation and extend the toes. The lateral group of muscles (fibularis longus and fibularis brevis) function to evert the foot.
Neurovascular structures of the leg include the anterior and posterior tibial arteries and anterior and posterior tibial veins likewise as the tibial, mutual fibular, superficial fibular and deep fibular nerves.
Talocrural region
The talocrural region is marked by the talocrural joint joint and is therefore too known as the ankle region. Information technology is bounded superiorly by the distal edge of the anterior and posterior leg and by the proximal border of the dorsal region of the foot anteroinferiorly and by the proximal border of the heel of the foot (calcaneus) posteroinferiorly.
Contents
The anterior talocrural region is divers by the distal ends of the tibia and fibula which form the bony protrusions of the ankle region known as the medial and lateral malleoli, respectively. Betwixt them is the most proximal os of the pes, the talus.
The posterior talocrural region is similarly marked by the medial and lateral malleoli, which are separated by the calcaneal tendon which is commonly referred to as the Achilles tendon. Between the calcaneal tendon and both malleoli are two small subregions known equally the medial and lateral retromalleolar regions.
Tendons of the anterior, posterior and lateral leg muscles pass through the talocrural region to insert onto the pes. Important vessels (anterior and posterior tibial artery, anterior and posterior tibial vein, deep fibular nerve and tibial nerve) besides pass through this region to supply and drain structures of the pes.
Pes region
The foot is the region distal to the talocrural joint joint and is subdivided into the tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges (or toe bones). The superior surface of this region is chosen the dorsum of the pes and the inferior surface, in contact with the footing, is the sole or plantar region of the foot.
Contents
The tarsus refers to the cluster of seven tarsal bones which include the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid and the medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiform bones.
The metatarsal region of the foot is formed by the five metatarsal basic. The metatarsal bones are numbered from I to V. Each metatarsal has a caput at the distal cease, an elongated shaft in the middle, and a proximal base.
The phalanges are the bones of the toes. Each toe has iii phalanges (proximal, centre and distal phalanges) except for the great toe, which just has a proximal and distal phalanx. Similar to the metatarsals, the phalanges as well consist of a head, shaft and base.
The muscles contained in the foot can exist subdivided into plantar and dorsal groups. The dorsal group is comprised of only two muscles, while the plantar muscles are further subdivided into three groups; lateral, central, and medial.
A final co-operative of the anterior tibial artery, dorsalis pedis traverses the back of the foot alongside the deep fibular nerve to supply structures of this area. Posteromedially, a neurovascular packet containing the posterior tibial avenue and vein and tibial nervus curves effectually the medial malleolus to enter the sole of the human foot.
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What Is The Femoral Region,
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